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Qu'est-ce (qui) est art history - définition
art history
![Photographer unknown, [[Aby Warburg]] c. 1900](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aby Warburg.jpg?width=200 "Photographer unknown, [[Aby Warburg]] c. 1900")
![[[Giorgio Vasari]], ''Self-portrait'' c.1567](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giorgio Vasari Selbstporträt.jpg?width=200 "[[Giorgio Vasari]], ''Self-portrait'' c.1567")
![Group photo 1909 in front of [[Clark University]]. Front row: [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Granville Stanley Hall]], [[Carl Jung]]; back row: [[Abraham A. Brill]], [[Ernest Jones]], [[Sándor Ferenczi]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hall Freud Jung in front of Clark 1909.jpg?width=200 "Group photo 1909 in front of [[Clark University]]. Front row: [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Granville Stanley Hall]], [[Carl Jung]]; back row: [[Abraham A. Brill]], [[Ernest Jones]], [[Sándor Ferenczi]]")
![[[Anton von Maron]], ''Portrait of [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann]]'', 1768](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann Joachim Winckelmann (Anton von Maron 1768).jpg?width=200 "[[Anton von Maron]], ''Portrait of [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann]]'', 1768")
ACADEMIC STUDY OF OBJECTS OF ART IN THEIR HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Art History; Art historian; Historical development of art history; History of art criticism; History of art history; Feminist art history; Nationalist art history
¦ noun the academic study of the history and development of the visual arts.
Derivatives
art historian noun
art historical adjective
History of art criticism
ACADEMIC STUDY OF OBJECTS OF ART IN THEIR HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Art History; Art historian; Historical development of art history; History of art criticism; History of art history; Feminist art history; Nationalist art history
The history of art criticism, as part of art history, is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e.
History of art
![[[Wanderer above the Sea of Fog]] by [[Caspar David Friedrich]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caspar David Friedrich Wanderer above the Sea of Fog.jpg?width=200 "[[Wanderer above the Sea of Fog]] by [[Caspar David Friedrich]]")
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![''[[The Ghost of a Flea]]''; by [[William Blake]]; 1819; tempera with gold on panel (21.4 × 16.2 cm); Tate Britain, London](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William Blake 002.jpg?width=200 "''[[The Ghost of a Flea]]''; by [[William Blake]]; 1819; tempera with gold on panel (21.4 × 16.2 cm); Tate Britain, London")
![Giant deer bone of Einhornhöhle]]'' {{c.}} 49,000 BC; Megaloceros bone; Einhornhöhle, Germany](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Riesenhirsch Fussknochen Einhornhöhle Gravur.jpg?width=200 "Giant deer bone of Einhornhöhle]]'' {{c.}} 49,000 BC; Megaloceros bone; Einhornhöhle, Germany")
![Löwenmensch]]''; {{c.}} 41,000–35,000 BC; [[Hohlenstein-Stadel]] caves [[Swabian Jura]], Germany](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Loewenmensch1.jpg?width=200 "Löwenmensch]]''; {{c.}} 41,000–35,000 BC; [[Hohlenstein-Stadel]] caves [[Swabian Jura]], Germany")
RhinocérosEnFuite.jpg?width=200 "p=2}}")
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![1327 BC}}; gold, glass and semi-precious stones; height: 54 cm; [[Egyptian Museum]] ([[Cairo]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg?width=200 "1327 BC}}; gold, glass and semi-precious stones; height: 54 cm; [[Egyptian Museum]] ([[Cairo]])")
![Seal with two-horned bull and inscription; {{c.}} 2010 BC; steatite; overall: 3.2 × 3.2 cm; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] ([[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], US)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clevelandart 1973.160.jpg?width=200 "Seal with two-horned bull and inscription; {{c.}} 2010 BC; steatite; overall: 3.2 × 3.2 cm; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] ([[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], US)")
![p=71}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Middle Western Zhou Bronze "Yi" Fangyi.jpg?width=200 "p=71}}")
![bi]]'' disc; {{circa}}100 BC; [[jade]]; 18 x 14 cm; [[Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King]] ([[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]], China)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jade Monster Mask and Ring.jpg?width=200 "bi]]'' disc; {{circa}}100 BC; [[jade]]; 18 x 14 cm; [[Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King]] ([[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]], China)")
![800-700 BC}}; bronze; height: 17.6 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bronze horse MET DT11722.jpg?width=200 "800-700 BC}}; bronze; height: 17.6 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
 MET DT263.jpg?width=200 "p=33}}")
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![Museum of Fine Arts]] ([[Boston]], US)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marine mosaic (central panel of three panels from a floor) - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "Museum of Fine Arts]] ([[Boston]], US)")
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![Vessel with a throne scene (Maya); late 7th–8th century; ceramic; 21.59 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vessel, Throne Scene MET DT4514.jpg?width=200 "Vessel with a throne scene (Maya); late 7th–8th century; ceramic; 21.59 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![Warrior columns ([[Toltec]]); {{circa}}1000; basalt; height: {{circa}}460 cm; [[Tula de Allende]] (Mexico)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Telamones Tula.jpg?width=200 "Warrior columns ([[Toltec]]); {{circa}}1000; basalt; height: {{circa}}460 cm; [[Tula de Allende]] (Mexico)")
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![Yotoco]]); 1st–7th century; gold; height: 6.35 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Calima Animal-Headed Figure Pendant MET DT11629 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "Yotoco]]); 1st–7th century; gold; height: 6.35 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![Quimbaya]]); 5th–9th century; gold; height: 23 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lime Container (Poporo) MET DT1262.jpg?width=200 "Quimbaya]]); 5th–9th century; gold; height: 23 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![Muisca]]); 10th–mid-16th century; gold; height: 14.9 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Male Figure (tunjo) MET DP215691.jpg?width=200 "Muisca]]); 10th–mid-16th century; gold; height: 14.9 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![Pendant ([[Tairona]]); 10th–16th century; gold; height: 14 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Figure Pendant MET DT4860.jpg?width=200 "Pendant ([[Tairona]]); 10th–16th century; gold; height: 14 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![Moche]]); 3rd–6th century; painted ceramic; overall: 26.35 x 16.21 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait Head Bottle MET 82.1.28.jpeg?width=200 "Moche]]); 3rd–6th century; painted ceramic; overall: 26.35 x 16.21 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
 MET DP215693.jpg?width=200 "p=238}}")
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 Akbarnama, ca. 1590, Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg?width=200 "p=217}}")
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 by Emperor Huizong (1082–1135).jpg?width=200 "p=79}}")
![[[Lacquer]] dish with garden scene; late 14th century; carved red lacquer; diameter: 19.7 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/明初 剔紅庭園高士圖漆盤-Dish with garden scene MET DP256068.jpg?width=200 "[[Lacquer]] dish with garden scene; late 14th century; carved red lacquer; diameter: 19.7 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![[[Cloisonné]] box; 18th century; cloisonné enamels on copper with gilt bronze; 20.5 × 19.8 cm; [[Walters Art Museum]] ([[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinese - Covered Box - Walters 44543.jpg?width=200 "[[Cloisonné]] box; 18th century; cloisonné enamels on copper with gilt bronze; 20.5 × 19.8 cm; [[Walters Art Museum]] ([[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], USA)")
![Female figure; {{circa}} 1670–1690; porcelain with overglaze polychrome enamels; height: 39.7 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/色絵婦人立像-Figure of a Standing Beauty MET DP220704.jpg?width=200 "Female figure; {{circa}} 1670–1690; porcelain with overglaze polychrome enamels; height: 39.7 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
 with Books and Nandina Branches MET DT289471.jpg?width=200 "p=105}}")
![''[[Plum Park in Kameido]]''; by [[Hiroshige]]; 1857; full-colour woodblock print; 36.4 x 24.4 cm; [[Rijksmuseum]] ([[Amsterdam]], the [[Netherlands]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De pruimenboomgaard te Kameido-Rijksmuseum RP-P-1956-743.jpeg?width=200 "''[[Plum Park in Kameido]]''; by [[Hiroshige]]; 1857; full-colour woodblock print; 36.4 x 24.4 cm; [[Rijksmuseum]] ([[Amsterdam]], the [[Netherlands]])")
![Igbo-Ukwu]] ([[Nigeria]]); 9th century; bronze; unknown dimensions; [[Nigerian National Museum]] ([[Lagos]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bronze pot, 9th century, Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria.jpg?width=200 "Igbo-Ukwu]] ([[Nigeria]]); 9th century; bronze; unknown dimensions; [[Nigerian National Museum]] ([[Lagos]])")
![Head of a king or dignitary; by [[Yoruba people]]; 12th-15th century; terracotta; 19 cm; discovered at [[Ife]] (Nigeria); [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Afrikaabteilung in Ethnological Museum Berlin 02.JPG?width=200 "Head of a king or dignitary; by [[Yoruba people]]; 12th-15th century; terracotta; 19 cm; discovered at [[Ife]] (Nigeria); [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany)")
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![p=108}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"The good Shepherd" mosaic - Mausoleum of Galla Placidia.jpg?width=200 "p=108}}")
, V-VI sec ca. 01 collier.JPG?width=200 "p=115}}")
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![Illumination]] with Initial V, from a [[Bible]]; {{circa}} 1175–1195; tempera on parchment; 27.5 x 15.2 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manuscript Illumination with Initial V, from a Bible MET DP102859.jpg?width=200 "Illumination]] with Initial V, from a [[Bible]]; {{circa}} 1175–1195; tempera on parchment; 27.5 x 15.2 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]")
.jpeg?width=200 "p=82}}")
![p=175}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg?width=200 "p=175}}")
![The Rhinoceros]]''; by [[Albrecht Dürer]]; 1515; [[woodcut]]; 23.5 × 29.8 cm; [[National Gallery of Art]] ([[Washington, D.C.]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Rhinoceros (NGA 1964.8.697) enhanced.png?width=200 "The Rhinoceros]]''; by [[Albrecht Dürer]]; 1515; [[woodcut]]; 23.5 × 29.8 cm; [[National Gallery of Art]] ([[Washington, D.C.]], USA)")
 - Google Art Project - edited.jpg?width=200 "p=201}}")
![''[[The Four Continents]]''; by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]; {{circa}}1615; oil on canvas; 209 x 284 cm; [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] ([[Vienna]], Austria)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter Paul Rubens - The Four Continents.jpg?width=200 "''[[The Four Continents]]''; by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]; {{circa}}1615; oil on canvas; 209 x 284 cm; [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] ([[Vienna]], Austria)")
.jpg?width=200 "p=243}}")
![Carpet with fame and fortitude; by the [[Savonnerie manufactory]]; 1668–1685; knotted and cut wool pile, woven with about 90 knots per square inch; 909.3 x 459.7 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carpet with Fame and Fortitude MET DP212204.jpg?width=200 "Carpet with fame and fortitude; by the [[Savonnerie manufactory]]; 1668–1685; knotted and cut wool pile, woven with about 90 knots per square inch; 909.3 x 459.7 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
.jpg?width=200 "p=267}}")
![''Fire''; by [[Jean-Pierre Defrance]]; {{circa}}1750-1760; limestone; height: 223 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fire MET DP104979.jpg?width=200 "''Fire''; by [[Jean-Pierre Defrance]]; {{circa}}1750-1760; limestone; height: 223 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![Side table (commode en console); by [[Bernard II van Risamburgh]]; {{circa}}1755-1760; Japanese lacquer, gilt-bronze mounts and Sarrancolin marble top; height: 90.2 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Side table (commode en console) MET DP105703.jpg?width=200 "Side table (commode en console); by [[Bernard II van Risamburgh]]; {{circa}}1755-1760; Japanese lacquer, gilt-bronze mounts and Sarrancolin marble top; height: 90.2 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
,.jpg?width=200 "Coffeepot; 1757; silver; height: 29.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![''Marie-Antoinette with the Rose''; by [[Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun]]; 1783; oil on canvas; 130 x 87 cm; [[Palace of Versailles]] ([[Versailles]], France)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louise Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun - Marie-Antoinette dit « à la Rose » - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "''Marie-Antoinette with the Rose''; by [[Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun]]; 1783; oil on canvas; 130 x 87 cm; [[Palace of Versailles]] ([[Versailles]], France)")
![Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Houston]], USA](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giovanni Paolo Panini - Fantasy View with the Pantheon and other Monuments of Ancient Rome - 61.62 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg?width=200 "Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Houston]], USA")
![''The ancient Capitol ascended by approximately one hundred steps . . .'', by [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], {{circa}}1750, etching, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The ancient Capitol ascended by approximately one hundred steps . . . (Campidoglio antico a cui si ascendeva per circa cento gradini . . .) MET DP827987.jpg?width=200 "''The ancient Capitol ascended by approximately one hundred steps . . .'', by [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], {{circa}}1750, etching, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York City")
 (51346237676).jpg?width=200 "language=fr}}")
 MET DP106594.jpg?width=200 "Washstand (athénienne or lavabo), 1800–1814, legs, base and shelf of yew wood, gilt-bronze mounts, iron plate beneath shelf, Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![''Newton's Cenotaph, exterior by night''; by [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]]; 1784; ink and wash, 40.2 × 63.3 cm.; [[Bibliothèque Nationale]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Étienne-Louis Boullée Memorial Newton Night.jpg?width=200 "''Newton's Cenotaph, exterior by night''; by [[Étienne-Louis Boullée]]; 1784; ink and wash, 40.2 × 63.3 cm.; [[Bibliothèque Nationale]]")
![The Dog]]''; [[Francisco de Goya]]; ca. 1819–1823; mural transferred to canvas, 131.5 × 79.3 cm.; [[Museo del Prado]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Goya Dog.jpg?width=200 "The Dog]]''; [[Francisco de Goya]]; ca. 1819–1823; mural transferred to canvas, 131.5 × 79.3 cm.; [[Museo del Prado]]")
![''Death on a Pale Horse''; [[J. M. W. Turner]]; c. 1830; oil on canvas, 60 × 76 cm.; [[Tate Britain]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph Mallord William Turner - Death on a pale horse - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "''Death on a Pale Horse''; [[J. M. W. Turner]]; c. 1830; oil on canvas, 60 × 76 cm.; [[Tate Britain]]")
![''Toothless Man Laughing, Charles Philipon form Célébrités du Juste milieu''; [[Honoré Daumier]]; 1832–33; painted clay, 6.12 high; [[Musée d'Orsay]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Honoré daumier, le celebrità dell'Aurea mediocritas, terracotta, 1832-35, charles philipon.JPG?width=200 "''Toothless Man Laughing, Charles Philipon form Célébrités du Juste milieu''; [[Honoré Daumier]]; 1832–33; painted clay, 6.12 high; [[Musée d'Orsay]]")
![Still life with statue of Jupiter Tonans]]''; by [[Louis Jacques Daguerre]]; c. 1839; daguerreotype](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daguerre kynzvart.jpg?width=200 "Still life with statue of Jupiter Tonans]]''; by [[Louis Jacques Daguerre]]; c. 1839; daguerreotype")
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![[[Schwerin Castle]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] Germany, 1845-1857, by [[Gottfried Semper]], [[Friedrich August Stüler]], [[Georg Adolf Demmler]] and [[Ernst Friedrich Zwirner]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schwerin Castle Aerial View Island Luftbild Schweriner Schloss Insel See (cropped).jpg?width=200 "[[Schwerin Castle]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] Germany, 1845-1857, by [[Gottfried Semper]], [[Friedrich August Stüler]], [[Georg Adolf Demmler]] and [[Ernst Friedrich Zwirner]]")
![[[Neuschwanstein Castle]], [[Bavaria]] Germany, 1869-1886, by [[Eduard Riedel]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schloss Neuschwanstein 2013.jpg?width=200 "[[Neuschwanstein Castle]], [[Bavaria]] Germany, 1869-1886, by [[Eduard Riedel]]")
![Phoenix]], [[Arizona]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Leon Gerome Pollice Verso.jpg?width=200 "Phoenix]], [[Arizona]], USA)")
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![Egyptian Revival]] - Coin cabinet; 1809–1819; [[mahogany]] (probably [[Swietenia mahagoni]]), with applied and inlaid silver; 90.2 x 50.2 x 37.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coin cabinet MET DP103176.jpg?width=200 "Egyptian Revival]] - Coin cabinet; 1809–1819; [[mahogany]] (probably [[Swietenia mahagoni]]), with applied and inlaid silver; 90.2 x 50.2 x 37.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![Gothic Revival]] - Pair of vases; manufactured in 1832, decorated in 1844; hard-paste porcelain; 36.4 x 32.7 x 20 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vase (vase gothique Fragonard) (one of a pair) MET DP169251.jpg?width=200 "Gothic Revival]] - Pair of vases; manufactured in 1832, decorated in 1844; hard-paste porcelain; 36.4 x 32.7 x 20 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art")
![Église Saint-Augustin de Paris]], 1860–1868, by [[Victor Baltard]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Saint Augustin Church Paris.jpg?width=200 "Église Saint-Augustin de Paris]], 1860–1868, by [[Victor Baltard]]")
![Musée des Arts Décoratifs]] (Paris)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Musée des arts décoratifs Gründerzeit-Büffet (1).jpg?width=200 "Musée des Arts Décoratifs]] (Paris)")
![[[Rococo Revival]] - Apartment building no. 8 on [[Rue de Miromesnil]] (Paris), 1900, by P. Lobrot](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Immeuble rue La Boétie, rue de Miromesnil, Paris 8e.jpg?width=200 "[[Rococo Revival]] - Apartment building no. 8 on [[Rue de Miromesnil]] (Paris), 1900, by P. Lobrot")
![''[[The Third-Class Carriage]]''; by [[Honoré Daumier]]; {{circa}}1862–1864; oil on canvas; 65.4 x 90.2 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Honoré Daumier, The Third-Class Carriage - The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg?width=200 "''[[The Third-Class Carriage]]''; by [[Honoré Daumier]]; {{circa}}1862–1864; oil on canvas; 65.4 x 90.2 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![''The Poor, Picking up Pieces of Coal''; by [[Nikolay Kasatkin]]; 1894; oil on canvas; 80 x 107 cm; [[Russian Museum]] ([[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Сбор угля бедными на выработанной шахте.jpg?width=200 "''The Poor, Picking up Pieces of Coal''; by [[Nikolay Kasatkin]]; 1894; oil on canvas; 80 x 107 cm; [[Russian Museum]] ([[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]])")
, 1873.jpg?width=200 "p=291}}")
![''Ox-Drawn Cart''; by [[Nicolae Grigorescu]]; 1899; oil on canvas; 66 x 81 cm; [[National Museum of Art of Romania]] ([[Bucharest]], [[Romania]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolae Grigorescu - Car cu boi (8).jpg?width=200 "''Ox-Drawn Cart''; by [[Nicolae Grigorescu]]; 1899; oil on canvas; 66 x 81 cm; [[National Museum of Art of Romania]] ([[Bucharest]], [[Romania]])")
![''Thracian Girl with Head of Orpheus on his Lyre''; by [[Gustave Moreau]]; 1865; oil; 154 × 99.5 cm; [[Musée d'Orsay]] (Paris)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Head of Orpheus.jpg?width=200 "''Thracian Girl with Head of Orpheus on his Lyre''; by [[Gustave Moreau]]; 1865; oil; 154 × 99.5 cm; [[Musée d'Orsay]] (Paris)")
.jpg?width=200 "p=307}}")
![''[[The Starry Night]]''; by [[Vincent van Gogh]]; 1889; oil on canvas; height: 73.7 cm; [[Museum of Modern Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Van Gogh - Starry Night - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "''[[The Starry Night]]''; by [[Vincent van Gogh]]; 1889; oil on canvas; height: 73.7 cm; [[Museum of Modern Art]] (New York City)")
![The Bathers]]''; by [[Paul Cézanne]]; 1898–1905; oil on canvas; 210.5 cm × 250.8 cm; [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] ([[Philadelphia]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul Cézanne, French - The Large Bathers - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "The Bathers]]''; by [[Paul Cézanne]]; 1898–1905; oil on canvas; 210.5 cm × 250.8 cm; [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] ([[Philadelphia]], USA)")
![Museum of Fine Arts]] ([[Boston]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec - Divan Japonais - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "Museum of Fine Arts]] ([[Boston]], USA)")
![''Biscuits Lefèvre-Utile'', advertisement; by [[Alfons Mucha]]; 1897; lithograph; 62 × 43.5 cm; private collection](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Biscuits Lefèvre-Utile.jpg?width=200 "''Biscuits Lefèvre-Utile'', advertisement; by [[Alfons Mucha]]; 1897; lithograph; 62 × 43.5 cm; private collection")
![moonstone]] and diamond; height: 23 cm, width: 26.5 cm; [[Calouste Gulbenkian Museum]] ([[Lisboa]], Portugal)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/René lailique, pettorale libellula, in oro, smalti, crisoprazio, calcedonio, pietre lunari e diamanti, 1897-98 ca. 01.jpg?width=200 "moonstone]] and diamond; height: 23 cm, width: 26.5 cm; [[Calouste Gulbenkian Museum]] ([[Lisboa]], Portugal)")
![1900 Paris Exposition]]; by [[Émile Gallé]]; 1900; molded and carved oak, with chiseled and patinated bronze; height: 108.5 cm; [[Musée d'Orsay]] (Paris)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Émile gallé, bureau 'foresta lorenese', 1900.JPG?width=200 "1900 Paris Exposition]]; by [[Émile Gallé]]; 1900; molded and carved oak, with chiseled and patinated bronze; height: 108.5 cm; [[Musée d'Orsay]] (Paris)")
![Allegory of an applied art; by [[Georges de Feure]]; 1900; oil on canvas; 277 x 103 cm; Musée d'Orsay](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges de feure, allegoria di un'arte applicata, olio su tela, 1900, 02.JPG?width=200 "Allegory of an applied art; by [[Georges de Feure]]; 1900; oil on canvas; 277 x 103 cm; Musée d'Orsay")
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![Louisville]], [[Kentucky]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fauvism Landscape; by Louis Valtat; oil on canvas, Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky II.jpg?width=200 "Louisville]], [[Kentucky]], USA)")
![''Charing Cross Bridge, London''; by [[André Derain]]; 1906; oil on canvas, 80.3 × 100.3 cm.; [[National Gallery of Art]] ([[Washington, D.C.]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Derain CharingCrossBridge.png?width=200 "''Charing Cross Bridge, London''; by [[André Derain]]; 1906; oil on canvas, 80.3 × 100.3 cm.; [[National Gallery of Art]] ([[Washington, D.C.]], USA)")
![''La Ciotat''; by [[Othon Friesz]]; 1907; oil on canvas, 65.7 by 81 cm.; unknown collection](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LA CIOTAT.PNG?width=200 "''La Ciotat''; by [[Othon Friesz]]; 1907; oil on canvas, 65.7 by 81 cm.; unknown collection")
![Corner Cabinet; by [[Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann]]; {{circa}}1923; kingwood (amaranth) veneer on mahogany, and ivory inlay; 126.7 x 80.6 x 59.7 cm; [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann (French, 1879-1933). Corner Cabinet, ca. 1923..jpg?width=200 "Corner Cabinet; by [[Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann]]; {{circa}}1923; kingwood (amaranth) veneer on mahogany, and ivory inlay; 126.7 x 80.6 x 59.7 cm; [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)")
![''Fortissimo''; by [[Séraphin Soudbinine]]; 1925–1926; lacquered wood, eggshell, mother-of-pearl, and gold; 248.9 x 88.9 x 3.8 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"Fortissimo" MET DP292823.jpg?width=200 "''Fortissimo''; by [[Séraphin Soudbinine]]; 1925–1926; lacquered wood, eggshell, mother-of-pearl, and gold; 248.9 x 88.9 x 3.8 cm; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
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![''[[The Elephant Celebes]]''; by [[Max Ernst]]; 1921; oil on canvas; 125.4 × 107.9 cm; [[Tate Modern]] (London)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Elephant Celebes.jpg?width=200 "''[[The Elephant Celebes]]''; by [[Max Ernst]]; 1921; oil on canvas; 125.4 × 107.9 cm; [[Tate Modern]] (London)")
HISTORY OF HUMAN CREATION OF WORKS FOR AESTHETIC, COMMUNICATIVE, OR EXPRESSIVE PURPOSES
Origin of Art; History of the visual arts; History of Art; Art historians; Historian of art; Social history of art; Art histories; Art Historian; Art of the ancient Near East
The history of art focuses on objects made by humans for any number of spiritual, narrative, philosophical, symbolic, conceptual, documentary, decorative, and even functional and other purposes, but with a primary emphasis on its aesthetic visual form. Visual art can be classified in diverse ways, such as separating fine arts from applied arts; inclusively focusing on human creativity; or focusing on different media such as architecture, sculpture, painting, film, photography, and graphic arts.
Exemples du corpus de texte pour art history
1. The basis of art history, after all, is scientific study.
2. He attended the University of New Orleans and graduated with a degree in art history.
3. He bases his latest ranking on an analysis of 33 recently published art history books.
4. He writes art history that sells by the bucketload and enrages academics.
5. She was an intelligent girl who loved art, history and English.